Case Studies
Berachain
Concentrated Ponzi Chain - A milestone in crypto design
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| BERACHAIN |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| The Ponzi Chain - Milestone in crypto design |
| Three-token model with dividend + mutual-aid hybrid |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+Three-Token Model
| Token | Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| BGT | Governance | Non-transferable, only obtained through LP provision |
| BERA | Gas Token | 1:1 one-way burn from BGT |
| HONEY | Stablecoin | Native over-collateralized USD stablecoin |
Deposit-Withdrawal-Payout Model
Deposits
Provide liquidity to official DeFi suite:
- Add LP to DEX
- Borrow Honey stablecoin from lending
- Provide Honey LP to PERP
Each pool's reward ratio is determined by validator node voting (bribery mechanism)
Withdrawals
$BGT (non-transferable, can 1:1 convert to $BERA)
+
$BERA (main token)
+
$HONEY (algorithmic stable)
Sources:
├── $BGT inflation
├── L1 gas revenue
└── DeFi revenuePayout Ratio Calculation
Monthly payout ratio = Monthly $BERA converted
/ Monthly retained LP's total $BERA pool TVL
Collapse condition:
$BERA conversion amount > Monthly new retained BERA pool TVL + buy pressureAnalysis as Mutual-Aid Scheme
Berachain closely resembles DeFi summer's "Pool 2 mining":
token + ETH form LP deposit
↓
Earn inflation tokens based on LP share
↓
Sell tokens for profitKey Game Theory
Accumulated $BGT staking returns
vs
Direct BGT to $BERA conversion and selling
Answer yes → hold $BGT
Answer no → mine and dumpAnalysis as Dividend Scheme
Maximizing sunk cost perspective:
| Concept | Berachain Equivalent |
|---|---|
| Mining machine | LP deposit |
| Machine price | LP opportunity cost (impermanent loss, etc.) |
| Reinvestment/electricity | Stop LP or convert BGT = dilute share |
Growth Flywheel
TVL ↑
↓
Token price ↑
↓
Activity ↑
↓
Protocol revenue ↑
↓
TVL ↑ (cycle)But this flywheel has prerequisites:
Staking protocol revenue > Direct $BERA selling profit
If ecosystem protocol revenue can't keep up with $BERA appreciation → users mine and dump
Solutions
| Approach | Description |
|---|---|
| Demand side | Get high-kill-rate protocols (on-chain derivatives) to scale quickly |
| Supply side | Validator node extra rewards (new scheme bribes) |
Validator Node Interests
1. Maximize TVL to maximize validator reward probability
2. Manipulate $BGT output favorably through bribery
↓
To gain TVL advantage, nodes need to launch more schemes
↓
Higher node APY attracts LP
↓
Win BGT bribery votes
↓
Easier to pump new schemes
↓
Schemes feeding schemes positive cycleBerachain's Milestone Significance
Using validator nodes to bind project teams to do split schemes
Ethereum: Only one Eigenlayer
Berachain: Number of nodes = Number of Eigens = Number of schemesCompared to Luna:
- Luna only did a single algorithmic stable mutual-aid + deposit interest dividend
- Then looked for ecosystem to absorb bubbles
- Berachain's mechanism bundles project teams to launch schemes from the start
Like a carrot on a stick for donkeys - must keep launching, no TVL = no rewards
Core Formulas
Berachain essence:
├── Mutual-aid scheme with dividend characteristics
├── Three tokens separating rights and utility
└── Validator nodes binding project teams for splits
Collapse model:
├── Protocol revenue < BERA appreciation rate
├── Users tend to mine and dump
└── TVL flywheel reverses
Solutions:
├── High-kill-rate protocols scale up
└── Validators continuously launch new schemesFor public chains, this is the core problem. The great way is simple.